Axiomatic Physics (Prequark Chromodynamics) = AP (0), (0) represents the
First Principle
(Beta = 1/Alpha) is calculated with 4
steps (equations).
First, finding an intrinsic unit angle of the
AP (0)
A (0) = {(360/2pi) * [(pi/64 + (pi/64) ^ 2 +
(pi/64)^3 + … ]/2}
= 1.4788413 degrees.
Second, calculate the first mixing angle:
With A(0),
we get A(1) = [360 – 24 * A(0)]/24 =
13.5211574853 degrees,
and this is very close to the
Cabibbo angle (θc).
Third, calculate the second mixing angle:
With
A(0) and A(1),
we get A(2) = 2 * [360 – A(1) – A(0)]/24
= 28.75 degree,
and this is almost the same as the measured Weinberg angle (θW ).
Forth, calculating Alpha (or Beta)
Beta = 1/alpha
= 64 ( 1 + first order mixing + sum
of the higher order mixing)
= 64 (1 + 1/Cos A(2) + .00065737 + …)
= 137.0359 …
A(2)
is the Weinberg angle, A(2) = 28.743 degrees (see explanation below)
The
sum of the higher order mixing = 2(1/48)[(1/64) + (1/2)(1/64)^2 + …+(1/n)(1/64)^n
+…]
=
.00065737 + …
As these four equations are internally
linked, thus the Alpha is not a numerological equation. It is based on the following
AP logic (see Chapter five).
One, the time sheet of AP (0) is a complex
plane, but its origin is not a point but a hole.
The circumference of this hole = π. As
the entire time sheet begins with this hole, the entire time sheet [the entire
AP (0) universe] can be represented as π.
Two, when this AP (0) time sheet folds into
a time hose, it manifests into 4-time dimensions (running in the same
direction). This time hose further encompasses of 64 states, while 48 states
become particles in AP (0). That is, 48 = {24 matter particles, and 24
anti-matter particles}.
Three, by having 64 states, this [AP (0)
universe = π] must be evenly divided among them, that is π/64. Of course, with
only first or second order division, this Pie (the universe) might not be
divided EVENLY. That is, the division should take infinite steps, and
thus the equation of A(0), which is, in fact, the division angle for evenly
divide the Pie (this universe).
Four, A (1) and A (2) are the mixing (or
sharing) angles among the matter only [as anti-matter and spacetime will
not be involved in this division (mixing)]. Thus, both equations use only the
number of 24 in their calculations.
Five, on the other hand, Alpha [in AP (0)]
goes beyond for mixing (sharing) but is a LOCK (see Chapter five) for the entire AP
(0), and thus it uses ALL the numbers (π, 24, 48, and 64).
Six, both A (1) and A (2) are calculated
with a universe with zero mass. As this real universe today has a massive mass,
the A (2) must be compressed in Alpha calculation, thus A(2) is a bit off from
the theoretical calculated number (about 0.007 degrees).
References and reviews
One,
This calculation for Alpha was published
online in 1997. However, the 1997 online page is no longer available. Now, it
is available at the following sites.
a. at professor Matt Strassler’s blog (http://profmattstrassler.com/2012/02/23/synopsis-of-the-opera-situation/#comment-6531 ), a very
popular physics discussion site.
b. http://physicsfocus.org/athene-donald-we-should-all-be-aware-of-our-unconscious-biases/#comment-3407
c. the Prequark site (http://www.prequark.org/pq04.htm ) since
May, 2005.
d. http://prebabel.blogspot.com/2011/05/higgs-boson-bad-idea-part-four.html , May 2011.
f. https://4gravitons.wordpress.com/2015/03/12/what-can-pi-do-for-you/#comment-2246
Two,
Update
(3-9-2020): New Electroweak Precision Measurements
CMS of LHC (CERN) has just reported new
Electroweak precision measurements
{(sin (θ), lepton/eff)
^2 = 0.23101±0.00052} .
In Standard Model, Weinberg angle is a
function of two more fundamental physical constants: weak isospin g and weak
hypercharge g’, and they are all ‘free parameters’ (not derived theoretically).
On the other hand, the Weinberg angle
was calculated theoretically in AP (0),
In fact, the Weinberg angle (θw ) is
precisely defined by the equation (10), page 37 of ‘Super Unified Theory”, as
follows.
Sin (Δ θ1) = Sin^2 (Δ θ2) …….
Equation (10)
Sin (Δ θ1) = Sin {A (1) – 3 [A (0)/24]}
= Sin {Cabibbo angle (θc)) – 3 (A
(0)/24} = 0.23067
A (0) = 1.4788413 degrees
A (1) = θc = 13.521159 degrees
Sin^2 (Δ θ2 = 28.75°; Weinberg angle (θw)) = 0.2313502
Δ θ2 = 28.75° (Weinberg angle (θw ))
{Sin (Δ θ1) + Sin^2 (Δ θ2)}/2 = 0.2310 ~ to CMS of
LHC (CERN) precision measurements {(sin (θ), lepton/eff)
^2 = 0.23101±0.00052
All Δ θn are mixing angles.
Three,
Alpha equation of AP (0) is a
physics-based equation rather than a numerological equation for several
reasons:
- Physics Parameter: The equation includes a
physics parameter, the Weinberg angle (A(2)), which is a fundamental
physical constant.
- Energy Dependence: The Weinberg mixing angle
in the equation varies as a function of the energy, encompassing the
entire spectrum of the Fine Structure Constant (1/alpha). This energy
dependence is a key characteristic of physical equations.
- Eleven Dimension Universe: The equation is
also formulated for an eleven-dimension universe, which aligns with
advanced theoretical physics concepts.
- Theoretical Calculation: The theoretical
calculation of Alpha is grounded in AP (0), which involves the
calculation of intrinsic unit angles A(0) and their implications for the
Cabibbo and Weinberg angles.
- Precision Measurements: new Electroweak
precision measurements that align with AP (0) theoretical calculations,
reinforcing the validity of the approach.
Four,
Physics Alpha Lie
Although this Alpha has been available
online since 1996, Wikipedia today still claims that no numerological equation
for Alpha is found. Five screen shots (which have time stamps) are listed
below.
Chapter two: deriving Planck CMB data,
available at https://tienzengong.wordpress.com/2025/04/23/chapter-two-deriving-planck-cmb-data/
The entire book (in pdf) is available at https://tienzengong.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/physics-toe.pdf
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