Gobbledygook no more

Thursday, April 24, 2025

Prequark Chromodynamics

Tienzen (Jeh-Tween) Gong

Table of Contents

Preface

Book one: Physics ToE introduction

1) Chapter one: Calculating Alpha, available at https://tienzen.blogspot.com/2025/04/chapter-one-calculating-alpha.html

2) Chapter two: deriving Planck CMB data, available at https://tienzengong.wordpress.com/2025/04/23/chapter-two-deriving-planck-cmb-data/

3) Chapter three: Deriving Cosmology Constant, available at https://tienzen.blogspot.com/2025/04/chapter-three-deriving-cosmology.html

4) Chapter four: Prequark Chromodynamics, available at https://prebabel.blogspot.com/2025/04/chapter-four-prequark-chromodynamics-ap.html

5) Chapter five: The First Principle, available at https://tienzengong.wordpress.com/2025/04/22/chapter-five-the-first-principle/

6) Chapter six: Quantum Gravity, available at https://prebabel.blogspot.com/2025/04/chapter-six-quantum-gravity.html

7) Chapter seven: new physics epistemology, available at https://tienzengong.wordpress.com/2025/04/21/chapter-seven-new-physics-epistemology/

8) Chapter eight: nowhere to run, available at https://tienzengong.wordpress.com/2025/04/21/chapter-eight-nowhere-to-run/

9) Epilogue: available at https://tienzengong.wordpress.com/2025/04/21/epilogue-physics-toe/

The entire book (in pdf) is available at https://tienzengong.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/physics-toe.pdf

Book two: Math ToE

Book three: Bio-lives ToE

Book four: linguistics, PreBabel (the universal language)

Book five: Social science ToE

Preface

This book {The Final ToE (Theory of Everything) --- Summaries and Reviews} is a book about the UNIFICATION of everything (literally everything) which encompasses the following:

1) Physics

2) Mathematics

3) Biology, life science

4) Linguistics

5) Social science (including economics and political science, etc.)

6) Philosophy

7) Theology

8) All else

I have discussed all those disciplines above by written 7 books (listed below) and by managed 6 blogs (also listed below).

List of published books:

Total pages: 2404

List of managed blogs: with a total of about 400 posts which are about 2,000 pages.

1) https://tienzengong.wordpress.com/

2) https://prebabel.blogspot.com/

3) https://chineselanguageetymology.blogspot.com/

4) https://tienzen.blogspot.com/

5) https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeh-tween-gong-73785534/recent-activity/articles/

6) https://tienzen.livejournal.com/

Thus, the mission of this book {The Final ToE (Theory of Everything) --- Summaries and Reviews} is to summarize the above 7 books into one, and to reduce those 4500 pages to less than ### pages. However, this book is divided into five sub-books:

a) Book one: Physics ToE, Prequark Chromodynamics, Axiomatic Physics

b) Book two: Math ToE

c) Book three: Bio-lives ToE

d) Book four: linguistics, the PreBabel, universal language

e) Book five: Social science ToE (including philosophy, theology, economics, political science, etc.)

This summary should capture 100% of the essence of Gong’s ToE while 40% of the details are unfortunately left out. However, if any reader wants to know more details of an issue or an equation, s/he could always find them in the about listed books and/or blog posts.

Two most important books are available online.

The book {Nature’s Manifesto; ISBN 6205499339; US © copyright # TX 9-160-526; available at https://tienzengong.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/6th-natures-manifesto.pdf }

The book {Linguistics: the Trilogy; ISBN 978-6206151869, available at https://tienzengong.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/linguistics-thetrilogy.pdf }.

In addition to the summarization, I also searched the entire Web via search engines (such as Google or Bing) about some reviews (critics or clappers) on my works. I have summarized all of them too and placed them at the bottom of each chapter.

Thus, this book is noted as ( --- Summaries and Reviews).

Book one

Physics ToE introduction

Traditional physics is based on the interplay between hypotheses (developing theories/predictions) and verification (via experiments or observations).

In contrast, this Physics ToE (Gong’s Prequark chromodynamics) is based on a First Principle; that is, it is an axiomatic physics (AP), and it consists of the following:

1) Axiomatic physics (prequark chromodynamics): That is, all foundational physics parameters (time, space, mass, light speed, spin, Planck constant, etc.) are axiomatical derived. Of course, their axiomatic derivations will be the key topics of this book.

The First Principle: {the essence of this universe is "nothingness," and it must remain as nothingness at all time (eternity)}

2) Interlocking Thesis (IT): all Nature constants (Alpha, electric charge, light speed, Planck constant) and Nature dimensions (space, time, mass) are interlocked and can be recursively defined. Being all interlocked, the choices of dimensions (by humans or Martians) and their scales will not change the underlying physics at bit. Three interlock equations are presented in this book.

3) Litmus Criterion (LC): all derivations/equations in this physics-ToE must adhere to the same principle; otherwise, they are dismissed as invalid. That is, the equations for calculating Planck CMB data cannot have a base different from the base of calculating Alpha and Cosmology Constant.

4) Existential principle (EP): This principle suggests that the meaning of an attribute at the bottom tier of a hierarchy system will be preserved and visible at the top tier, even after undergoing many hysteresis processes. This principle ensures that nothing can strongly emerge from this physics-ToE while the weak emergences (such as the rising of bio-lives) are allowed.

In addition to the above constraints, AP collaborates with two more principles:

First, Gong’s Anthropic principle (different from Multiverse’s anthropic principle) is the guiding principle for the validity of any final physics theory. It asserts that all nature constants of this universe must be derived from a first principle, distinguishing it from the multiverse theory, which claims that the nature constants of this universe are just circumstantial and not fundamental.

Strong anthropic principle: bio-lives must arise from physics laws.
Weak anthropic principle: although bio-lives must obey the laws of physics after they have arisen, they can emerge strongly, not from the laws of physics.

Gong's Prequark model takes the strong anthropic stand, emphasizing that bio-lives must arise from physics laws. And to show how bio-lives arise from the laws of physics will be one of the key points in this book.

Multiverse scientists and M-string theorists argue that our universe is just one of many possible universes, each with its own set of physical constants and laws. For multiverse scientists, anthropic principle is evidence of the circumstantial nature of the nature constants of this universe. Thus, to debunk multiverse scientists’ argument is a key point in this book.

Second: Large Complex System Principle (LCSP), there is a set of principles governing all large complex systems, regardless of their nature. These systems can be numerical, physical, biological, or linguistic. This principle suggests that the laws or principles of one large complex system will have corresponding laws and principles in another large complex system. This interconnectedness allows for a unified description of nature, where the validity of laws in one domain can be checked against empirical facts from other domains.

One example is that Gong’s Prequark Chromodynamics aligns with LCSP by suggesting that the principles governing the physical universe also apply to the life universe, mathematics, and other disciplines, and vice versa.

Thus, in addition to physics ToE, the Final ToE encompasses the following, at least:

a) Mathematics

b) Biology

c) Linguistics

d) Social sciences (economy, political science, etc.)

e) Philosophy

f) Theology, etc.

Therefore, this book {The Final ToE (Theory of Everything)} will discuss the above issues in detail.

The validity of this physics ToE (Gong’s Prequark Chromodynamics) can be ensured via the following:

One, internal consistency: The theory must be internally consistent as an axiomatic system.

Two, Empirical Contact: the theorems {calculations of nature constants or derived physical concepts (time, space, mass, etc.)} of this axiomatic system must make contacts with the reality (the known physics). Provides the exact equations for calculating, Alpha (electron fine structure constant), Cosmology Constant, Planck CMB data, etc.

Three, Addressing Unanswered Questions: as an Axiomatic Physics, it must not have any open questions (Godel’s issue will be discussed too) in the system. That is, AP (0) must provide answers to all unanswered questions of the mainstream physics {such as, baryongenesis, dark mass/dark energy, etc.).

In fact, this physics ToE will provide answers for the following ‘gives rise to…’

Gives rise to nature constants {Alpha, e (electric charge), c (light speed), ħ (Planck constant), etc.}
Gives rise to the particle zoo of the Standard Model
Gives rise to quantum principle
Gives rise to unified force equation (including gravity)
Gives rise to dark mass and dark energy, the Planck data
Gives rise to life
Gives rise to arithmetic
Gives rise to baryongenesis
Gives rise to cosmological constant (Λ)
Gives rise to the Quantum-Spin
Gives rise to … everything in ‘this’ universe.
gives rise to Cabibbo and Weinberg angles
gives rise to Neff = 3

Four, Interdisciplinary Support: as this physics ToE is just a part of the Final ToE, the other ToEs will provide strong evidence that this physics ToE is valid when each of the other ToEs is verified in its own domain. In fact, if this physics ToE (Gong’s prequark chromodynamics) cannot support the other disciplines (math, biology, linguistics, etc.), it cannot be truly valid.

In this sense, this physics ToE should be derived from other ToEs (such as math ToE) too. Indeed, this book (The Final ToE) will provide two other pathways to derive this physics ToE (one via math, the other via reversed engineering), in addition to being an Axiomatic Physics (derived from a First Principle).

The entire book (in pdf) is available at https://tienzengong.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/physics-toe.pdf

Wednesday, April 23, 2025

Chapter one: Calculating Alpha

Axiomatic Physics (Prequark Chromodynamics) = AP (0), (0) represents the First Principle

(Beta = 1/Alpha) is calculated with 4 steps (equations).

First, finding an intrinsic unit angle of the AP (0)

A (0) = {(360/2pi) * [(pi/64 + (pi/64) ^ 2 + (pi/64)^3 + … ]/2}

= 1.4788413 degrees.

Second, calculate the first mixing angle:

With A(0),

we get A(1) = [360 – 24 * A(0)]/24 = 13.5211574853 degrees,

and this is very close to the Cabibbo angle (θc).

Third, calculate the second mixing angle:

With A(0) and A(1),

we get A(2) = 2 * [360 – A(1) – A(0)]/24 = 28.75 degree,

and this is almost the same as the measured Weinberg angle (θW ).

Forth, calculating Alpha (or Beta)

Beta = 1/alpha

= 64 ( 1 + first order mixing + sum of the higher order mixing)

= 64 (1 + 1/Cos A(2) + .00065737 + …)

= 137.0359 …

A(2) is the Weinberg angle, A(2) = 28.743 degrees (see explanation below)

The sum of the higher order mixing = 2(1/48)[(1/64) + (1/2)(1/64)^2 + …+(1/n)(1/64)^n +…]

= .00065737 + …

As these four equations are internally linked, thus the Alpha is not a numerological equation. It is based on the following AP logic (see Chapter five).

One, the time sheet of AP (0) is a complex plane, but its origin is not a point but a hole.

The circumference of this hole = π. As the entire time sheet begins with this hole, the entire time sheet [the entire AP (0) universe] can be represented as π.

Two, when this AP (0) time sheet folds into a time hose, it manifests into 4-time dimensions (running in the same direction). This time hose further encompasses of 64 states, while 48 states become particles in AP (0). That is, 48 = {24 matter particles, and 24 anti-matter particles}.

Three, by having 64 states, this [AP (0) universe = π] must be evenly divided among them, that is π/64. Of course, with only first or second order division, this Pie (the universe) might not be divided EVENLY. That is, the division should take infinite steps, and thus the equation of A(0), which is, in fact, the division angle for evenly divide the Pie (this universe).

Four, A (1) and A (2) are the mixing (or sharing) angles among the matter only [as anti-matter and spacetime will not be involved in this division (mixing)]. Thus, both equations use only the number of 24 in their calculations.

Five, on the other hand, Alpha [in AP (0)] goes beyond for mixing (sharing) but is a LOCK (see Chapter five) for the entire AP (0), and thus it uses ALL the numbers (π, 24, 48, and 64).

Six, both A (1) and A (2) are calculated with a universe with zero mass. As this real universe today has a massive mass, the A (2) must be compressed in Alpha calculation, thus A(2) is a bit off from the theoretical calculated number (about 0.007 degrees).

References and reviews

One,

This calculation for Alpha was published online in 1997. However, the 1997 online page is no longer available. Now, it is available at the following sites.

a. at professor Matt Strassler’s blog (http://profmattstrassler.com/2012/02/23/synopsis-of-the-opera-situation/#comment-6531 ), a very popular physics discussion site.

b. http://physicsfocus.org/athene-donald-we-should-all-be-aware-of-our-unconscious-biases/#comment-3407

c. the Prequark site (http://www.prequark.org/pq04.htm ) since May, 2005.

d. http://prebabel.blogspot.com/2011/05/higgs-boson-bad-idea-part-four.html , May 2011.

e. http://scientiasalon.wordpress.com/2014/09/16/what-can-evolutionary-biology-learn-from-creationists/comment-page-3/#comment-8334

f. https://4gravitons.wordpress.com/2015/03/12/what-can-pi-do-for-you/#comment-2246

g. http://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2013/10/14/inside-the-mind-of-the-republican-party/comment-page-2/#comment-7295910552604272743

h. http://snarxivblog.blogspot.com/2014/01/numerology-from-m-theory.html?showComment=1390119675651#c5215054552035276267

k, https://medium.com/@Tienzen/ethan-siegel-the-story-of-what-the-universe-is-like-from-it-s-literally-the-greatest-story-one-e6163c12814d#.mc4u0snap

l. http://putnamphil.blogspot.com/2014/06/a-final-post-for-now-on-whether-quine.html?showComment=1403375865284#c8045600555416019073

Two,

Update (3-9-2020): New Electroweak Precision Measurements

CMS of LHC (CERN) has just reported new Electroweak precision measurements

{(sin (θ), lepton/eff) ^2 = 0.23101±0.00052} .

In Standard Model, Weinberg angle is a function of two more fundamental physical constants: weak isospin g and weak hypercharge g’, and they are all ‘free parameters’ (not derived theoretically).

On the other hand, the Weinberg angle was calculated theoretically in AP (0),

In fact, the Weinberg angle (θw) is precisely defined by the equation (10), page 37 of ‘Super Unified Theory”, as follows.

Sin (Δ θ1) = Sin^2 (Δ θ2) ……. Equation (10)

Sin (Δ θ1) = Sin {A (1) – 3 [A (0)/24]}

= Sin {Cabibbo angle (θc)) – 3 (A (0)/24} = 0.23067

A (0) = 1.4788413 degrees

A (1) = θc = 13.521159 degrees

Sin^2 (Δ θ2 = 28.75°; Weinberg angle (θw)) = 0.2313502

Δ θ2 = 28.75° (Weinberg angle (θw))

{Sin (Δ θ1) + Sin^2 (Δ θ2)}/2 = 0.2310 ~ to CMS of LHC (CERN) precision measurements {(sin (θ), lepton/eff) ^2 = 0.23101±0.00052

All Δ θn are mixing angles.

Three,

Alpha equation of AP (0) is a physics-based equation rather than a numerological equation for several reasons:

Physics Parameter: The equation includes a physics parameter, the Weinberg angle (A(2)), which is a fundamental physical constant.
Energy Dependence: The Weinberg mixing angle in the equation varies as a function of the energy, encompassing the entire spectrum of the Fine Structure Constant (1/alpha). This energy dependence is a key characteristic of physical equations.
Eleven Dimension Universe: The equation is also formulated for an eleven-dimension universe, which aligns with advanced theoretical physics concepts.
Theoretical Calculation: The theoretical calculation of Alpha is grounded in AP (0), which involves the calculation of intrinsic unit angles A(0) and their implications for the Cabibbo and Weinberg angles.
Precision Measurements: new Electroweak precision measurements that align with AP (0) theoretical calculations, reinforcing the validity of the approach.

Four,

Physics Alpha Lie

Although this Alpha has been available online since 1996, Wikipedia today still claims that no numerological equation for Alpha is found. Five screen shots (which have time stamps) are listed below.

Chapter two: deriving Planck CMB data, available at https://tienzengong.wordpress.com/2025/04/23/chapter-two-deriving-planck-cmb-data/

The entire book (in pdf) is available at https://tienzengong.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/physics-toe.pdf

Tuesday, April 22, 2025

Chapter three: Deriving Cosmology Constant

--- the litmus test

The mainstream physics community admits that the Cosmology Constant (CC) is not derivable or calculable from any existing mainstream physics theory, such as M-string theory or Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG). This perspective is supported by notable physicists like David Gross, who stated at the "SUSY Bet" event in Copenhagen on August 22, 2016, that "Thus far, there is no way to calculate Cosmology Constant". Similarly, Ed Witten expressed perplexity over the existence of the Cosmology Constant, calling it "the most troublesome observation in physics in my lifetime".

On the other hand, deriving or calculating CC is the simplest and most direct consequence of AP(0), Prequark Chromodynamics. It is, in fact, the litmus test for whether a theory is right or wrong.

In AP (0), it is derived straight forward:

1) The smallest quantum action unit in AP (0) = (ħ); ħ, Planck constant

2) The largest quantum action in AP (0) = (ħ C)/ Δt, per unit of quantum time (delta t); C, light speed; Δt, the quantum time unit.

3) So, for the total action of this universe (in real time) = [(ħ C)/ Δt] ΔT, (ΔT/ Δt) = T, the lifetime of this universe. The total action counts = [1/(ħ C)] (ΔT/ Δt) = [1/( ħ C)] x T

4) In AP (0), there are 4-time dimensions. So, for the total quantum action counts (TC) of this universe (all 4-time dimensions) = TC = { [1/(ħ C)^4] x T} = 0.446 x 10^120,

(T = 4.34 times 10^17, Lifetime of this universe)

5) Cosmology Constant (CC) is defined as the "share" per quantum action to the total quantum action counts = 1/TC = 2.242 x 10^-120.

This derived CC is identical to the measured value.

The only way to derive this CC is to follow two AP (0) consequences.

a) Definition: CC is {the "share" per quantum action to the total quantum action counts of this universe}.

b) This universe has 4-time dimensions. Thus, it will take the 4^th power in the equation.

Without taking this 4^th power, there is no way to derive this CC.

This {4-time dimensions} is also the base for the manifestations of 64 quantum states, {48 particles (24 matter and 24 anti-matter) and 16 spacetime states}. And these numbers (24, 48, 64) are the basis for calculating Alpha and Planck CMB data (See previous Chapters).

Obviously, this calculation shows that CC is not a true constant (not like Alpha, being a lock) but evolves with time.

As this CC is a direct consequence of AP (0), it is a litmus test to disproof the String (M-) theory which not only cannot derive it but even predicted the CC should have a negative number.

To derive the CC is the Litmus test for any final physics theory. Not being able to drive the CC, it will simply be wrong. The above equation of CC has shown that only the theory which consists of 4-time dimensions can provide the correction answer.

References and reviews

One,

The arrow of time and the arrow of entropy in relation to the Cosmology Constant (CC).

Arrow of Time: The arrow of time is described as the result of the transformation process from nothing to something. It represents the emergent property of timelessness and immutability. In AP (0) quantum gravity, the universe moves from one state to another with quantum actions, denoted by the Planck constant (ħ). This movement is an expression of the arrow of time, which accelerates the expansion of the universe and gives rise to the uncertainty principle.
Arrow of Entropy: The arrow of entropy is defined as the ever-increasing action count. Entropy is the result of the bookkeeping of quantum actions. Each quantum action represents one quantum bit of information, and the total quantum action count of the universe is a measure of entropy. AP (0) emphasizes that the arrow of time and the arrow of entropy are completely different arrows. While the arrow of time is an emergent property, the arrow of entropy is the result of the increasing action count.

Relationship to CC: The Cosmology Constant (CC) is defined as the share per quantum action in AP (0) quantum gravity. This means that CC is inversely proportional to the total quantum action count of the universe. As the total quantum action count (or entropy) increases, the value of CC decreases. This relationship links the concepts of quantum gravity, entropy, and the Cosmology Constant together.

These concepts highlight the distinct roles of the arrow of time and the arrow of entropy in the framework of AP (0) quantum gravity and their connection to the Cosmology Constant.

Two,

The bookkeeping (entropy) is all about the "action count."

Action Count: the process of bookkeeping as tracking the quantum actions of particles. For example, when a particle moves from one location to another, it counts as one action. If the particle moves back to its original location, it counts as another action.
State Changes: even if a particle returns to its original state, the action count is different. This count is always increasing, representing the arrow of entropy.
Quantum Information: Each quantum action represents one quantum bit of information. The total quantum action count of the universe is a measure of entropy.
Arrow of Entropy: the arrow of entropy is the ever-increasing action count, distinct from the arrow of time (direction of the time hose).
Total Quantum Action Count: The total quantum action count of the universe is calculated by encompassing all 4-time dimensions.

Entropy = {quantum time actions}^4

This bookkeeping process is fundamental to understanding entropy and the Cosmology Constant in the framework of AP (0) quantum gravity.

Three,

Critiques of M-string theory, particularly in the context of the Cosmology Constant (CC):

Prediction of Negative CC: M-string theory predicts a negative Cosmology Constant, which contradicts the observed positive values. This discrepancy shows that M-string theory does not accurately describe the real universe.
Inability to Derive CC: mainstream physics, including M-string theory, claims that the Cosmology Constant is not derivable or calculable.
Dependence on Higgs Mechanism: M-string theory describes particles (M-strings) mass via the Higgs mechanism which is not verified.
Hollow Hype: M-string quantum gravity as being "just a hollow hype," implying that it lacks substance and fails to provide a comprehensive understanding of the universe.

M-string theory is fundamentally flawed and unable to account for the observed properties of the universe, particularly the positive value of the Cosmology Constant.

Four,

Constructing any system, whether it's a universe or something else, requires three key components:

The Big Framework: This includes the transformation process from nothing to something, AP (0) principle.
Locked Measuring Rulers: These are essential for setting up the system's parameters and ensuring consistency (Alpha as the final lock). See chapter five.
A Bookkeeper: This is crucial for keeping track of the system's entropy, which is the result of the bookkeeping of quantum actions (Cosmology Constant).

These components are fundamental to the construction and evolution of any system according to the AP (0) principles.

Chapter four: Prequark Chromodynamics, available at https://prebabel.blogspot.com/2025/04/chapter-four-prequark-chromodynamics-ap.html

The entire book (in pdf) is available at https://tienzengong.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/physics-toe.pdf }